Birth control is any method/process followed to prevent pregnancy. There are a number of birth control methods available for women to choose from. The broad classification of birth/pregnancy control methods is barrier methods, ovulation prevention, and implantation prevention. A detailed consultation with the gynecologist can help women and women decide on the right type of birth/pregnancy control method.

Making the right choice
The right birth control method suitable for you and your partner may change with time. Here are a few things to consider before you choose the birth control method best for you:

• Whether you are looking for temporary or permanent control
• How effective is that method in preventing pregnancy
• Side effects of each method
• The frequency of sexual intercourse
• Overall health status
• Comfort level of each method
• Number of sex partners you have

Once you consider all these points and also have a detailed discussion with your doctor, you can choose the right pregnancy control method.

List of birth/pregnancy control methods 

• Female and Male sterilization: Sterilization methods for females and males are permanent methods. These methods prevent pregnancy for the rest of your life and are surgical procedures. Female tube ligation and male vasectomy are the two methods that fall under sterilization methods. These methods are most effective when it comes to pregnancy prevention, with less than 1 case of pregnancy reported in 100 women within the first year of surgery. Side effects include pain during recovery, bleeding or other complications after surgery, and ectopic pregnancy.
• Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods: These methods involve the insertion of a birth control device into women. The effectiveness of these implants lasts from 3 to 10 years. Intrauterine devices and hormonal implants are categorized as LARC devices. However, these methods may cause many side effects like headaches, irregular periods, weight gain, cramps after insertion, and ovarian cysts.
• Short-acting hormonal methods: These methods involve the consumption of pills, mini pills, vaginal ring, and shots. These need to be taken as often as prescribed by the doctor. These methods cause side effects like weight gain, headache, sore breasts, high blood pressure, spotting between periods, nausea, and mood swings. Another thing to factor in is that you need to be prompt and cannot be negligent in taking pills or shots in order to prevent pregnancy.
• Barrier methods: These methods are implemented during sexual intercourse. Usage of condoms, diaphragms, cervical cap, or sponge is classified as barrier methods in birth/pregnancy control. The risks associated with these methods are irritation, tearing or breaking of the condom, allergic reactions, and urinary tract infections.
• Natural rhythm methods: Abstaining from sexual contact during the fertile period of your menstrual cycle is called the natural rhythm method. An ovulation kit helps determine the ovulation period. The risks are that it may be difficult to determine the ovulation accurately and it involves a lot of planning and self-control.

It is advisable to choose the birth control method after careful evaluation and consultation with a qualified doctor instead of on a whim.