Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system. The disease is caused by abnormal secretion of very thick and sticky mucus in the body. The secretion of this mucus clogs the lungs, leading to infections, and blocks the pancreas, which prevents the normal breakdown of food by the digestive system. Cystic fibrosis is a complex disease that is caused by a defective gene. Those affected by the disease inherit two copies of a defective gene that produces a defective protein. This protein leads to mucus secretion in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs. Clogging of the lungs induces breathing difficulties and inflammation in the lungs. Mucus in the pancreas leads to malnutrition and stunted growth. Cystic fibrosis in children The cell protein cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) malfunctions in children diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. The function of CFTR is to control the flow of water and certain salts into and from the body cells. Altered movement of salts and water can result in thickening of the mucus. The respiratory, reproductive, digestive systems and sweat glands are affected by this disease. A number of children are diagnosed with CF even before they show any signs or symptoms.

Hepatitis is an inflammatory disorder of the liver. Typically, viral infection leads to hepatitis, but, in some instances, it can be caused because of autoimmunity (when immune system makes antibodies against the liver), use of certain medications, toxin exposure, and chronic alcohol abuse (called secondary hepatitis). The liver is one of the most crucial body organs for survival as it performs several exclusive functions like bile synthesis (aid in the digestion of fats), storage of several vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, and K), minerals, glycogen, and synthesis of albumin and blood clotting factors. Symptoms Some well-documented symptoms of hepatitis are a loss of appetite, chronic fatigue, pain in the abdomen, development of jaundice, yellow skin and eyes, a sudden and unexplained weight loss, appearance of dark urine, and pale stools. Diagnosis History and physical examination – To diagnose hepatitis, first the doctor will take the patient’s history to determine any risk factors they may have for infectious or non-infectious hepatitis. During the physical examination, the doctor may press down slowly on the patient’s abdomen to check for pain or tenderness. The doctor may also feel to see if the liver is enlarged. If the patient’s skin or eyes are yellow, the doctor will note it down.

Dementia is a chronic abnormality of the brain where the behavior, thinking and the memory gets slowly depleted. This is a syndrome that will worsen over time. With the aid of medicines, it is believed that the progression may be declined or slowed down. In this article, some of the common types of this disability will be explained in detail. Alzheimer’s disease Studies reveal that 60% of sufferers are having Alzheimer’s disorder. There are nearly 5 million citizens in the country who are struggling with this disorder. Initially, the person with Alzheimer may notice memory loss and difficulty in managing daily chores. There may be confusion and writing and speaking problems. They may experience poor judgment and personality changes. Vascular dementia People with this type of problem may have a stroke in any phase of life. Vascular dementia starts off as the person is incapable to make a clear judgment and there may be a problem in deciding and organizing. There may be trouble in speaking fluently. Problems may be recognized with sounds and vision. There may be confused behavioral changes in the person. Lewy body-associated dementia Lewy bodies are deposited in the brain of some people. If these bodies are formed in the cortex region of the brain this may cause serious symptoms.

Atrial fibrillation causes an irregular and abrupt rise in the heart rate that may cause heart-related ailments and stroke. This causes the formation of clots in the heart, which blocks the flow of blood. In the case of this disease, the upper chambers, also known as atria, beat chaotically and irregularly. The coordination of the atria and the ventricles is disrupted. It may not solely cause death but can increase the probability of death. It is necessary to treat this medical condition in time as it may result in adverse complications otherwise. This article will reveal some facts about atrial fibrillation. Causes of atrial fibrillation Fibrillation of atria is a medical condition that is caused as the atria chambers receive chaotic signals. The upper right atrium is supplemented with the sinus node, which is the heart’s pacemaker. The sinus node is responsible to produce an impulse to cause the heart to beat. The impulse on reaching the upper chamber travels down to the atrioventricular node residing at the junction of the atrium and the ventricle. The AV node is also stroked with the irregular impulses that cause the ventricles to beat rapidly. The heart rhythm becomes irregular, causing the heart to beat 100-175 times in a minute.

COPD is chronic bronchitis that leads to long driven lung problems. The patient suffers from the difficulty to breathe. The disease is becoming progressively common in Americans. It is estimated to be the third cause of disease among the US citizens. Chronic pulmonary disease is treatable and often prevented with the correct measure. In this article, you will come across some of the information that will make the understanding about COPD clearer. This information helps people to understand the treatment options and the causes of the disease. 1. Causes of COPD It is estimated that maximum chain smokers may develop the disease over time. The irritants of the lungs enter the air passage causing swelling and destroy the air sacs. Sometimes, nonsmokers may also develop the disease. Exposure to environmental air pollutants like dust, fumes, secondhand smoke, and chemicals can also contribute to causing the disease. A rare number of sufferers of chronic pulmonary disease may have an alpha-1 deficiency that causes emphysema. This form of COPD is generally inheritable from one generation to the other. 2. Symptoms of COPD People generally avoid the early symptoms of the disease. The disease thereby advances to the advanced level causing trouble in breathing and resuming normal activities.